{
 "statuses": {
  "stands as worded": "Nothing read contradicts the claim in the scope its maker gave it.",
  "contradicted": "An earlier dated source, read here, reports the same thing.",
  "contested": "Another source, read here, reports something that may be earlier or the same. Which is right turns on a definition or on a fact not stated.",
  "unchecked": "Recorded as made. No earlier claim was found, and none was searched for.",
  "out of scope": "The claim is true or false of something that did not run in space."
 },
 "firsts": [
  {
   "id": "f-phisat1-scoped",
   "question": "First AI on an Earth observation satellite",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "phisat-1",
     "claim": "c1"
    },
    {
     "record": "phisat-1",
     "claim": "c6"
    },
    {
     "record": "phisat-1",
     "claim": "c3"
    },
    {
     "record": "phisat-1",
     "claim": "c7"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "2020",
   "status": "stands as worded",
   "reasoning": "Each wording is scoped: to hyperspectral images and convolutional networks, to a dedicated chip, or to a European Earth observation mission. JPL describes onboard machine learning on EO-1 from 2003, which is earlier but is not a deep neural network on a dedicated chip, so the scoped wordings survive it.",
   "against": [
    {
     "record": "ase-eo1",
     "claim": "c2"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "f-phisat1-widened",
   "question": "First AI on an Earth observation satellite",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "phisat-1",
     "claim": "c8"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "2020",
   "status": "unchecked",
   "reasoning": "A third party's wording, wider than any of ESA's. It is recorded to show how a scoped claim grows when repeated. Nothing read establishes it.",
   "against": []
  },
  {
   "id": "f-train-cnbc",
   "question": "First model trained in space",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "starcloud-1",
     "claim": "c4"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "December 2025",
   "status": "contradicted",
   "reasoning": "A news headline. OPS-SAT's experimenters reported models trained in orbit in April 2021, and their 2022 paper gives the results. HPE dates federated training on the space station to February 2024.",
   "against": [
    {
     "record": "ops-sat-orbitai",
     "claim": "c1"
    },
    {
     "record": "ops-sat-orbitai",
     "claim": "c3"
    },
    {
     "record": "fluid-iss",
     "claim": "c2"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "f-train-opssat",
   "question": "First model trained in space",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "ops-sat-orbitai",
     "claim": "c1"
    },
    {
     "record": "ops-sat-orbitai",
     "claim": "c4"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "April 2021",
   "status": "unchecked",
   "reasoning": "Hedged by its makers (\"to our knowledge\"). JPL's page on EO-1 speaks of onboard machine learning from 2003 without saying whether anything was trained on board.",
   "against": []
  },
  {
   "id": "f-train-llm-starcloud",
   "question": "First language model trained in space",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "starcloud-1",
     "claim": "c2"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "December 2025",
   "status": "unchecked",
   "reasoning": "Narrower than the headline written about it, and not contradicted by anything read.",
   "against": []
  },
  {
   "id": "f-llm-iss",
   "question": "First large language model in space",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "llm-iss",
     "claim": "c2"
    },
    {
     "record": "llm-iss",
     "claim": "c4"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "August 2024",
   "status": "unchecked",
   "reasoning": "Hedged by both parties (\"believed to be\"). Starcloud ran one sixteen months later; the news report of that run words its own first to fit, as the first on a high-powered Nvidia GPU.",
   "against": []
  },
  {
   "id": "f-vlm-navi",
   "question": "First vision-language model in orbit",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "navi-orbital",
     "claim": "c1"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "16 April 2026",
   "status": "contested",
   "reasoning": "Starcloud reported running a Gemma model in orbit in December 2025. Whether that model was given images is not stated in what was read, and the paper does not mention Starcloud.",
   "against": [
    {
     "record": "starcloud-1",
     "claim": "c3"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "f-geofm-prithvi",
   "question": "First geospatial foundation model in orbit",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "prithvi-imagin-e",
     "claim": "c5"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "before December 2025",
   "status": "contested",
   "reasoning": "Xinhua reports an 8-billion-parameter remote sensing model in use on the Three-Body constellation in November 2025; whether that is a geospatial foundation model is a matter of definition. Separately, the team's own preprint reports an in-orbit run on one platform, not the two that NASA's article names.",
   "against": [
    {
     "record": "three-body",
     "claim": "c2"
    },
    {
     "record": "prithvi-imagin-e",
     "claim": "c3"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "f-ai-drive",
   "question": "First drive on another world planned by AI",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "perseverance-ai-drive",
     "claim": "c1"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "December 2025",
   "status": "out of scope",
   "reasoning": "The model ran on Earth and its plan was sent to Mars. The claim is about planning, and may well be right; it is not a claim that an AI ran in space.",
   "against": [
    {
     "record": "perseverance-ai-drive",
     "claim": "c2"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "f-aegis-2016",
   "question": "First autonomous choice of targets for a laser spectrometer on another planet",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "aegis",
     "claim": "c4"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "2016",
   "status": "unchecked",
   "reasoning": "Scoped by its maker to \"an instrument of this kind\".",
   "against": []
  },
  {
   "id": "f-fluid",
   "question": "First federated training between Earth and the space station",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "fluid-iss",
     "claim": "c2"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "February 2024",
   "status": "unchecked",
   "reasoning": "Recorded as made.",
   "against": []
  },
  {
   "id": "f-dynamic-targeting",
   "question": "First satellite to look ahead and retarget itself with onboard AI",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "dynamic-targeting",
     "claim": "c1"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "July 2025",
   "status": "unchecked",
   "reasoning": "Recorded as made. EO-1 retargeted itself on detected events from 2003, but did not look ahead along its orbit as far as its page says.",
   "against": []
  },
  {
   "id": "f-moi-td",
   "question": "India's first AI lab in space",
   "claims": [
    {
     "record": "moi-td",
     "claim": "c1"
    }
   ],
   "claimed_for": "December 2024",
   "status": "unchecked",
   "reasoning": "Scoped to one country. Recorded as made.",
   "against": []
  }
 ]
}