{
 "id": "phisat-1",
 "entry": 4,
 "name": "Φ-sat-1, flown on FSSCat",
 "group": "ran",
 "class": "perception",
 "location": "Earth orbit",
 "operator": "European Space Agency",
 "developer": "University of Pisa, Ubotica, cosine and Sinergise, with ESA",
 "host": "FSSCat",
 "catalogue": null,
 "dates": {
  "launched": "2020-09",
  "ran": "during the mission; no date given in what was read",
  "reported": "2021-11-04",
  "ended": null
 },
 "hardware": "Intel Movidius Myriad 2, on the Eyes of Things board, behind the HyperScout-2 imager",
 "software": "CloudScout, a convolutional neural network for cloud detection",
 "did": "Detected clouds in hyperspectral images on board, so that cloudy data need not be sent down.",
 "marks": [
  {
   "stage": "L",
   "evidence": 1,
   "basis": [
    "c9"
   ]
  },
  {
   "stage": "R",
   "evidence": 2,
   "basis": [
    "c4",
    "c5",
    "c6"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "claims": [
  {
   "id": "c1",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "is the first experiment to demonstrate on-board feature detection using hyperspectral Earth observation Convolutional Neural Networks",
   "speaker": "ESA Φ-lab",
   "relation": "operator",
   "source": "esa-philab-phisats",
   "url": "https://philab.esa.int/flagship-programmes/phi-sats-programme/",
   "source_title": "Φ-sats programme",
   "publisher": "ESA Φ-lab",
   "source_kind": "project-page",
   "published": "undated",
   "published_basis": "no date in the text; written before Φ-sat-2 was contracted",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in part: four excerpts of 3,100 characters"
  },
  {
   "id": "c2",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "has successfully delivered its first image and cloud mask",
   "speaker": "ESA Φ-lab",
   "relation": "operator",
   "source": "esa-philab-phisats",
   "url": "https://philab.esa.int/flagship-programmes/phi-sats-programme/",
   "source_title": "Φ-sats programme",
   "publisher": "ESA Φ-lab",
   "source_kind": "project-page",
   "published": "undated",
   "published_basis": "no date in the text; written before Φ-sat-2 was contracted",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in part: four excerpts of 3,100 characters"
  },
  {
   "id": "c3",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "represents the first ever on-board AI deep CNN inference on a dedicated chip",
   "speaker": "Giuffrida et al., the mission team",
   "relation": "mission-team",
   "source": "ieee-phisat1-paper",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3125567",
   "source_title": "The Φ-Sat-1 Mission: The First On-Board Deep Neural Network Demonstrator for Satellite Earth Observation",
   "publisher": "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (Giuffrida and twelve co-authors, the mission team)",
   "source_kind": "paper",
   "published": "2021-11-04",
   "published_basis": "date of publication printed in the paper",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in part: section V.D in full, the start of the conclusion, and about 20 excerpts of 70,500 characters"
  },
  {
   "id": "c4",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "NN inference with an exemplar TinyYOLO [36] model was continuously executed, with all inference outputs exactly matching the reference values",
   "speaker": "Giuffrida et al., the mission team",
   "relation": "mission-team",
   "source": "ieee-phisat1-paper",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3125567",
   "source_title": "The Φ-Sat-1 Mission: The First On-Board Deep Neural Network Demonstrator for Satellite Earth Observation",
   "publisher": "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (Giuffrida and twelve co-authors, the mission team)",
   "source_kind": "paper",
   "published": "2021-11-04",
   "published_basis": "date of publication printed in the paper",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in part: section V.D in full, the start of the conclusion, and about 20 excerpts of 70,500 characters"
  },
  {
   "id": "c5",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "for live images acquired from the HyperScout-2 sensor",
   "speaker": "Giuffrida et al., the mission team",
   "relation": "mission-team",
   "source": "ieee-phisat1-paper",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3125567",
   "source_title": "The Φ-Sat-1 Mission: The First On-Board Deep Neural Network Demonstrator for Satellite Earth Observation",
   "publisher": "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (Giuffrida and twelve co-authors, the mission team)",
   "source_kind": "paper",
   "published": "2021-11-04",
   "published_basis": "date of publication printed in the paper",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in part: section V.D in full, the start of the conclusion, and about 20 excerpts of 70,500 characters"
  },
  {
   "id": "c6",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "The performance of an on-board inference engine based on a machine learning (ML) algorithm for cloud detection was validated in flight. This is the first time such an experiment has been conducted in space.",
   "speaker": "Giuffrida et al., the mission team",
   "relation": "mission-team",
   "source": "ieee-phisat1-paper",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3125567",
   "source_title": "The Φ-Sat-1 Mission: The First On-Board Deep Neural Network Demonstrator for Satellite Earth Observation",
   "publisher": "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (Giuffrida and twelve co-authors, the mission team)",
   "source_kind": "paper",
   "published": "2021-11-04",
   "published_basis": "date of publication printed in the paper",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in part: section V.D in full, the start of the conclusion, and about 20 excerpts of 70,500 characters"
  },
  {
   "id": "c7",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "the first artificial intelligence (AI) technology carried onboard a European Earth observation mission",
   "speaker": "ESA, relayed by eoPortal",
   "relation": "operator-side-directory",
   "source": "eoportal-phisat",
   "url": "https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/phisat-1",
   "source_title": "PhiSat-1 & -2 (Φ-Sat-1 & -2) Nanosatellite Mission",
   "publisher": "eoPortal (a mission directory run by ESA)",
   "source_kind": "directory",
   "published": "2026-08-09",
   "published_basis": "page metadata; the page is revised over time",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in part: about 30 excerpts of 65,900 characters"
  },
  {
   "id": "c8",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "The first satellite to run a deep neural network on board",
   "speaker": "The Consciousness AI, a third-party tracker",
   "relation": "tracker",
   "source": "consciousness-tracker",
   "url": "https://theconsciousness.ai/consciousness-to-orbit/tracker/",
   "source_title": "Orbital Compute Tracker Showing Every Satellite Running Computers in Space",
   "publisher": "The Consciousness AI",
   "source_kind": "tracker",
   "published": "undated",
   "published_basis": "no date on the page",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in full"
  },
  {
   "id": "c9",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "Launched in September 2020 and in August 2024 respectively",
   "speaker": "eoPortal, an ESA-run directory",
   "relation": "operator-side-directory",
   "source": "eoportal-phisat",
   "url": "https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/phisat-1",
   "source_title": "PhiSat-1 & -2 (Φ-Sat-1 & -2) Nanosatellite Mission",
   "publisher": "eoPortal (a mission directory run by ESA)",
   "source_kind": "directory",
   "published": "2026-08-09",
   "published_basis": "page metadata; the page is revised over time",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in part: about 30 excerpts of 65,900 characters"
  },
  {
   "id": "c10",
   "kind": "quote",
   "text": "The EoT board features the Intel Movidius Myriad 2 vision processing unit (VPU)",
   "speaker": "Giuffrida et al., the mission team",
   "relation": "mission-team",
   "source": "ieee-phisat1-paper",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3125567",
   "source_title": "The Φ-Sat-1 Mission: The First On-Board Deep Neural Network Demonstrator for Satellite Earth Observation",
   "publisher": "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (Giuffrida and twelve co-authors, the mission team)",
   "source_kind": "paper",
   "published": "2021-11-04",
   "published_basis": "date of publication printed in the paper",
   "accessed": "2026-10-04",
   "copy_route": "direct",
   "read": "in part: section V.D in full, the start of the conclusion, and about 20 excerpts of 70,500 characters"
  }
 ],
 "conflicts": [
  {
   "summary": "The accuracy figure often quoted for this mission, 88.4%, is for a synthetic test set on the ground. No in-orbit accuracy figure was found in the parts of the paper read.",
   "status": "noted"
  }
 ],
 "notes": "The paper is peer reviewed, but its authors are the mission team, so it counts as their own technical account (evidence 2), not as independent confirmation. No catalogue object was found under the names tried.",
 "changed": "Run raised from R1 to R2 after the mission paper was read.",
 "headline": "L1 R2"
}